With the accelerated advancement of intelligent and green manufacturing, technological barriers in the hardware industry will become increasingly pronounced by 2025. High-precision machining technologies, new material applications, and intelligent production systems will become key areas of competitive advantage
. Due to insufficient R&D investment, small and medium-sized enterprises face the risk of being left behind by leading companies in areas such as high-end CNC machine tools and precision molds. Furthermore, tightening environmental regulations and patent barriers for green coating technologies and low-carbon processes are further raising the industry's entry level.
